EB Immigrants: How Long Before I Get My Green Card?

Never before have the waiting times to obtain permanent residence in the U.S. been so long for persons in the employment-based categories.

Currently, only persons with EB-3 priority dates before June 1, 2002 may apply for adjustment of status, a 7 1/2 year wait.  If you were born in India, the wait is 8 1/2 years.  See our "Visa Bulletin" page at

http://shusterman.com/vb.html

You can get a feel for the enormity of the "retrogression" by comparing the current waiting times with those from past Visa Bulletins.

For example, compare the current priority dates with those listed in the June 2007 Visa Bulletin.  June 2007 was the month before all the EB numbers became current. Then, the worldwide EB-3 priority date was June 1, 2005, a two-year backlog while the EB-3 priority dates for persons born in mainland China, India and Mexico was June 1, 2003, a four-year backlog.

It is helpful to go back a bit further, say to June 2004.  Believe it or not, at that time, all EB priority dates were current.  That is, there were no waiting times between the approval of your labor certification and your ability to apply for adjustment of status!

As you can see, the retrogression is a comparatively recent phenomenon.

     * How does the EB priority date system work?

I remember when the Immigration Act of 1990 was signed into law.  The law increased the EB numbers from 56,000 to 140,000.  My clients and I were thrilled.  Finally, Congress had acted to provide an adequate number of EB slots so that U.S. companies could immigrate foreign-born workers with needed skills.

The EB numbers are allocated according to the following formula:

 EB-1  28.6% 

 EB-2  28.6% plus any unused EB-1 numbers

 EB-3  28.6% plus any unused EB-1 and EB-2 numbers

 EB-4   7.1%

 EB-5   7.1%

In addition, no country can use more than 7% of the worldwide numbers in any of the above categories.  Therefore, nationals of a particular country are limited to no more than 9,800 EB numbers per year.  Due to higher demand for EB visas from countries with large populations like China and India, the EB-2 and EB-3 backlogs often tend to be longer for persons born in these countries.

It is important to keep in mind that the 140,000 number includes not only the worker being immigrated, but the foreign-born spouse and children of the worker.

 * When are persons with backlogged EB priority dates going to be able to adjust
 their status and become permanent residents?

 

At first glance, one might be inclined to state that if the backlog is 7 1/2 to 8 1/2 years for a person in the EB-3 category, this is how long a person whose employer submitted a PERM application for him or her today will have to wait to adjust status.  Similarly, a person with a pending adjustment application and a June 2005 EB-3 priority date would have to wait another three to four years to adjust status.

However, such predictions distort the way that the Visa Bulletin works.  Compare looking at the Visa Bulletin to viewing the stars in the sky. If you look at the North Star through a telescope, can you tell what it looks like?  You may think that you can. However, when you reflect that the North Star is 430 light years away from the Earth, you realize that what you are seeing is not what the star looks like now, but what it looked like 430 years ago.  Keep this in mind when considering how long the waiting times are in the Visa Bulletin.  The Visa Bulletin tells you that a person with a 7 1/2 year old EB-3 priority date may adjust status in December 2009.  However, it does not predict that a person in the EB-3 category whose employer submits a PERM application today will be able to apply for adjustment of status in 7 1/2 years, nor does it predict when persons with pending applications for adjustment will become permanent residents.  In other words, the Visa Bulletin tells you about the past.  It does not predict the future movement of priority dates.

We will discuss how to estimate how long your real waiting time may be in the next issue of our newsletter.

In the meantime, you may wish to consult the following articles and tables which were compiled by the USCIS:

 A) Questions & Answers: Pending Employment-Based Form I-485 Inventory

 B) I-485 Employment-Based Inventory Statistics

 C) USCIS Production Report: FY2009 Report to Congress (10-05-09)

We link to each of these documents from our "Green Cards through Employment" page at 

http://shusterman.com/employ.html#1

Comments

[Vinnie]

illegal entry aside, there are many who've entered the country legally, have applied for work visa sponsorships or are beneficiaries of family visas. This group of immigrants has abided by the law and yet are still waiting years or even decades to get their green cards. Should they be put in the same boat as those who entered illegally? The backlogs and processing wait times are so extensive and long, that 15, 20 years later, they're still waiting to start their life. It's a waste of the intellectual, social and financial capital they bring to society, despite following the law. It's a loss to the US as a whole to not benefit from their valuable contribution. By denying immigration reform, you're rightfully punishing those who enter illegally, but wrongfully punishing those who have followed the law.

[TK]

Absolutely agree with Vinnie. Which is why I thought McCain and Kennedy exhibited their cluelessness about green card wait times (don't mean to trample of a man's grave) in the McCain-Kennedy bill of 2007. In that bill they had an 8-year wait for illegal immigrants to get a green card and they were proudly touting that as a measure that makes sure illegal immigrants go to the "back of the line".

What makes matters worse is the ineptitude of the DoS and USCIS when it comes to managing immigrant visa demand. Examples are the wastage of about 20000 immigrant visas in FY2006 because of DoS's over-stinginess and the visa-gate episode of FY2007 when DoS made everybody current.

It is clear that these agencies haven't learnt much. Even in the latest visa bulletin (January 2010), DoS claims that the "best case" scenario for EB3 India by the end of FY2010 is around Jan-Feb 2002. While that comports with the inventory statistics that USCIS published earlier, the time to advance EB3 India to Feb 2002 is now, not Sep 2010, so that USCIS can get its act together and get the cases approved before FY2010 runs out.

[Green card Visa]

There is no single satisfactory reason as to why the process for attaining any visa, especially a green card visa, takes so long beyond sheer volume. I would advise to never cease the process or drop out, because that will only put you back at the end of the line. Also, never be afraid to follow-up, make calls, and ask questions that involve speeding up your process...every little bit helps!

[Green Card Visa]

I have to agree with Vinnie as well. These wait times are absolutely unacceptable. There are countries with far less resources that handle these things in a much timelier fashion. There is just no excuse for this, whatsoever.

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